What does the autonomic nervous system primarily regulate?

The autonomic nervous system primarily regulates the functions of glands and internal organs. This system consists of two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which work together to maintain homeostasis in the body by controlling involuntary physiological processes.

For example, the sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses during stressful situations, increasing heart rate and redirecting blood flow to essential organs. In contrast, the parasympathetic nervous system promotes 'rest and digest' activities, slowing the heart rate and enhancing digestion. This intricate balance between the two divisions enables the body to respond appropriately to changes in internal and external environments without conscious thought, highlighting the crucial role the autonomic nervous system plays in regulating vital bodily functions.