What is an electroencephalogram (EEG) used to measure?

An electroencephalogram (EEG) is specifically used to measure the electrical activity in the brain. It does this by placing electrodes on the scalp, which detect the electrical impulses produced by the neurons as they communicate with one another. This makes EEG a valuable tool in both clinical and research settings, particularly for diagnosing conditions such as epilepsy, sleep disorders, and monitoring brain activity during surgery. Unlike other options, which pertain to different bodily systems, EEG focuses solely on the brain's electrical activity, providing insights into its functioning.