What is the function of glial cells in the nervous system?

Glial cells play a critical role in the nervous system by providing support and protection for neurons. They are not involved in transmitting electrical signals like neurons do; instead, their functions include maintaining homeostasis, forming myelin (which insulates axons), and providing structural support. Glial cells also aid in the repair and regeneration of nerve cells, and they facilitate communication between neurons by regulating the environment around them.

The diversity of glial cells, which include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia, showcases their multifaceted role. For instance, astrocytes help maintain the blood-brain barrier and supply nutrients to neurons, while oligodendrocytes produce myelin in the central nervous system. In contrast, microglia act as immune cells to protect the brain from pathogens and clear cellular debris.

Given these essential functions, the statement that glial cells provide support and protection for neurons accurately captures their primary role in maintaining the overall health and functionality of the nervous system.