What is the primary function of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

The primary function of neurotransmitters in the nervous system is to transmit signals between neurons. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that are released from the axon terminals of one neuron and travel across the synaptic gap to bind with receptor sites on the dendrites of another neuron. This binding can either excite or inhibit the receiving neuron, thus influencing whether it will fire an action potential.

This process is crucial for communication within the nervous system, allowing for the coordination of various functions, such as mood regulation, muscle movement, and sensory perception. By facilitating these signals, neurotransmitters play a foundational role in all neural activity and thereby impact behavior and bodily functions.