What role do neurotransmitters play in the nervous system?

Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the nervous system by transmitting signals across synaptic gaps, which are the spaces between neurons. When a neuron is activated and reaches a certain threshold, it releases neurotransmitters from its axon terminals into the synaptic cleft. These chemical messengers then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, leading to various effects depending on the type of neurotransmitter and the receptors involved.

This process is fundamental for communication within the brain and between the brain and the rest of the body. It enables neurons to transmit information quickly and efficiently, thus facilitating responses to stimuli, coordination of bodily functions, and the processing of complex information such as thoughts and emotions. This function of neurotransmitters is essential for overall nervous system operation, influencing everything from muscle movements to the regulation of mood and cognition.