What role does the myelin sheath play in neuronal function?

The myelin sheath is crucial for efficient neuronal function as it serves as an insulating layer around the axons of many neurons. This insulation enhances the speed at which electrical impulses, or action potentials, travel along the axon. By allowing the impulse to jump between the nodes of Ranvier (the gaps in the myelin sheath) through a process called saltatory conduction, the myelin sheath significantly increases the conduction velocity compared to unmyelinated axons. This rapid signal transmission is essential for the effective functioning of the nervous system, enabling quick communication between neurons and facilitating complex processes such as reflexes and coordinated muscle movement.