What tendency refers to the specialization of one hemisphere for certain brain functions?

The correct answer is lateralization, which describes the tendency of one hemisphere of the brain to be more involved in certain functions than the other. This phenomenon is evident in various cognitive processes; for instance, in most right-handed individuals, the left hemisphere is predominantly responsible for language processing, while the right hemisphere is more associated with spatial abilities and recognizing faces.

Lateralization underscores how different brain functions can be distinctly localized within the two hemispheres, allowing for more efficient processing and integration of complex tasks. This concept is fundamental in understanding how the brain organizes itself for optimal functioning, making it crucial in fields like psychology and neuroscience.

The other options presented do not accurately capture this specific phenomenon. Cortex specialization could imply a broader range of specialized functions throughout the cortex, without the emphasis on hemispheric difference. Functional specialization does allude to specific functions being served by certain areas but lacks the hemispheric context. Brain differentiability is not a commonly used term in neuroscience for this concept.