What term describes the naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue?

The term that describes the naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue is "lesion." In neuroscience, lesions can be created surgically or through injury to study the effects on behavior and cognitive function, allowing researchers to understand the role of specific brain areas. Lesions can also occur naturally through trauma or disease processes, leading to a loss of function in the affected region.

Understanding lesions is crucial in various fields, including psychology, neurobiology, and medicine, as they provide insights into brain function and the effects of damage or disease on behavior. This concept is foundational in understanding how different areas of the brain contribute to various physiological and psychological processes.