What term describes the state of a neuron when it is not sending signals or being stimulated?

The term that accurately describes the state of a neuron when it is not sending signals or being stimulated is resting potential. During this phase, the neuron is polarized, meaning there is a difference in electrical charge across its membrane. This resting state is characterized by a negative charge inside the neuron compared to the outside environment, primarily due to the distribution of ions, such as sodium and potassium, across the membrane. The resting potential is essential for the neuron to be ready to fire an action potential when it receives sufficient stimulation. It allows the neuron to maintain the necessary conditions for generating signals in response to stimuli, highlighting its crucial role in the overall functioning of the nervous system.

In contrast, the other terms refer to different processes or phases related to neuronal activity. Activation potential is not a standard term used in neuroscience; the correct terminology would be action potential, which refers to the rapid change in membrane potential when a neuron fires. The refractory period is the phase following an action potential during which a neuron is temporarily unable to fire again. Hyperpolarization is a state where the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential, making it less likely for an action potential to occur. Understanding these distinctions reinforces why resting potential is the correct choice as it specifically pertains to the