What was the primary aim of the eugenics movement in the nineteenth century?

The primary aim of the eugenics movement in the nineteenth century was to encourage reproduction among individuals deemed "smart" and "fit," as a way to purportedly improve the genetic quality of the human population. Proponents of eugenics believed that by promoting certain traits and discouraging reproduction among those considered "unfit," society could be improved both intellectually and physically. This movement had significant social and ethical implications, often leading to coercive practices and policies that violated human rights.

The focus on selective reproduction was based on a flawed understanding of heredity and genetics, which did not adequately consider the complexity of human traits and the influence of environmental factors. Instead of fostering social equality, the movement often exacerbated social divides and discrimination based on race, socioeconomic status, and perceived mental capability. This background provides insight into the historical context of the movement and its impacts, which are viewed critically today.