Which cognitive activity includes understanding and producing language?

The correct answer is linguistic processing, as it encompasses both the comprehension and production of language. This cognitive activity involves various elements such as syntax, semantics, and phonology, which are crucial for effective communication. When engaging in linguistic processing, individuals not only decode and interpret language spoken or written by others but also generate their own spoken or written language to convey thoughts, feelings, or information.

On the other hand, while spatial reasoning pertains to the understanding of spatial relationships and the manipulation of objects in space, it does not directly involve language skills. Abstract thinking involves reasoning about concepts that are not physically present, but it is not strictly tied to language comprehension or production. Logical reasoning focuses on deducing conclusions from premises or data, which may utilize language but does not encompass the broader aspects of language understanding and creation that are essential in linguistic processing.