Which part of the limbic system is primarily responsible for processing and storing factual memories?

The hippocampus is vital for the processing and storage of factual memories, also known as declarative memories. This area of the limbic system aids in forming new memories and connecting them to relevant emotions and experiences. When new information is learned, it is temporarily held in various regions of the brain before being consolidated into long-term memory, an essential function served by the hippocampus.

In contrast, the amygdala primarily processes emotions and is more involved in the formation of emotional memories rather than factual recall. The cerebellum plays a significant role in coordinating movement and balance, and while it has some involvement in procedural memories (skills and tasks), it is not responsible for processing factual memories. The thalamus is a relay station for sensory information and is important for alertness and awareness but does not directly engage in memory processing. Thus, the hippocampus is the correct answer because of its critical role in encoding and storing factual information.