Which term describes the natural equilibrium attained by a neuron when it is not firing?

The term that describes the natural equilibrium attained by a neuron when it is not firing is resting potential. This state occurs when the neuron is at rest and not transmitting signals, characterized by a specific electrical charge difference across its membrane.

During resting potential, the interior of the neuron is negatively charged relative to the outside, typically around -70 millivolts, due to the distribution of ions, particularly sodium and potassium. This polarized state is essential because it prepares the neuron for potential firing; if stimulated sufficiently, it can reach a threshold potential and generate an action potential. Understanding resting potential is crucial as it underlies the basic functioning of neuronal communication in the nervous system.